Effect of Calcium Carbonate as a Filler on the Performance of AC-WC Mixtures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33603/jki.v14i2.12322Keywords:
AC-WC, CaCO₃, Filler, Marshall, OACAbstract
Mineral filler contributes significantly to the performance of asphalt mixtures by filling small voids and interacting with fine aggregate and asphalt binder to form asphalt mortar. Although stone dust is widely used for this purpose, variations in its availability and quality have encouraged the consideration of alternative filler materials, including calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This study examines the use of CaCO₃ as a partial substitute for stone-dust filler in Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures. The study aims to determine the most effective CaCO₃ substitution proportion and evaluate the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixtures. Marshall testing was conducted on mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% CaCO₃ replacement. Material characterization demonstrated that Shell 60/70 penetration-grade asphalt, coarse and fine aggregates, stone dust, and CaCO₃ complied with the applicable SNI requirements and were therefore considered suitable for incorporation into AC-WC mixtures. Based on an overall comparison of the Marshall parameters across all tested variations, the mixture containing 75% CaCO₃ exhibited the most favorable performance at an asphalt content of 6.0%. At this asphalt content, the mixture recorded a stability value of 1,209.05 kg, a flow value of 3.26 mm, a Marshall Quotient of 377.65 kg/mm, a VIM of 3.41%, and a VFB of 82.92%. In the mixture containing 75% CaCO₃, increasing the asphalt content from 4.5% to 6.5% reduced the VIM from 5.37% to 3.03% and increased the VFB from 69.21% to 85.98%. These changes indicate that a greater proportion of voids was filled with asphalt, resulting in a denser mixture. However, complete replacement of stone-dust filler with CaCO₃ did not provide a substantial advantage over the 75% replacement level. Therefore, a 75% CaCO₃ substitution was identified as the most effective proportion among the tested variations and has potential as an alternative filler for AC-WC mixtures.
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