A Comparative Analysis of Equivalent Static and Time History Dynamic Methods: Low-Rise Mall Building Case Study

Authors

  • Kaira Jesusa Prasodjo Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Indonesia
  • Yosafat Aji Pranata Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33603/jki.v14i1.11754

Keywords:

earthquake, static equivalent, stiffness, strength, time history

Abstract

Earthquake-resistant buildings are structures designed to safely withstand both of lateral and gravity loads. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of the structural, which are stiffness and strength under lateral seismic loads using equivalent static analysis and time history dynamic analysis. The maximum displacement occurs at the 5th floor, reaching 27,34 mm (X-direction) and 29,99 mm (Y-direction). These results, from comparing both analysis methods, remain below the allowable limit of 70 mm per SNI 1726:2019. Strength evaluation, based on internal force demands indicates that beam and column capacities satisfy SNI 2847:2019 requirements. The flexural and shear capacities of beams and columns were verified using the design criteria Mu < ϕMn and Vu < ϕVn, confirming that the structural elements are able to resist the applied bending moments and shear forces safely. In general, the 5-storey mall building in Magelang City shows strength and stiffness behavior that meets the strength and stiffness requirements, using both equivalent static analysis and time history dynamic analysis.

References

[1] A. Bambang Siswanto and M. Afif Salim, “Kriteria Dasar Perencanaan Struktur Bangunan Tahan Gempa.” E-Journal UNTAG Semarang, 2018.

[2] L. Ivan and D. E. Leo, “Analisis Dinamik Perilaku Gedung Dengan Ketidakberaturan Massa Pada Masing-Masing Tingkat Terhadap Beban Gempa,” JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 245–254, 2019

[3] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, “SNI 1726:2019,” 2019, [Online]. Available: www.bsn.go.id

[4] A. Wicaksana, A. Rosyidah, J. Teknik Sipil, P. Negeri Jakarta, J. D. GA Siwabessy, and K. Beji, “Start from Peraturan Perencanaan Tahan Gempa Indonesia Untuk Gedung (PPTI-UG),” vol. 18, no. 1, p. 2019, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal2.pnp.ac.id/index.php/jirs/TerakreditasiSINTAPeringkat5

[5] Mk. Amin and R. Tri Astuti, “Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Di Desa Dukun Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang Kawasan Resiko Bencana ( KRB ) III dalam Penanggulangan Bencana,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.ejournalwiraraja.com/index.php/FIK

[6] P. Agina Widyaswara Suwaryo et al., “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Alam Tanah Longsor,” The 6th University Research Colloquium, 2017.

[7] N. Rochmah, M. Beatrix, and B. Sutriono, “Evaluasi Level Kinerja Gedung 6 Lantai Dengan Metode Non-Linear Time History Analysis,” Jurnal EXTRAPOLASI, vol. 18, p. 1, 2020.

[8] Computer and Structure Inc, “ETABS,” 2022, 21.

[9] Computer and Structure Inc, “SAP2000,” 2024, 24.

[10] Halimatusadiyah, Susy Srihandayani, and Welly Desriyat, “Perbandingan Analisis Gempa Statik Ekivalen Kelas Situs Tanah Khusus Dengan Kelas Situs Tanah Lunak Berdasarkan Sni 1726-2019,” Jurnal Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, vol. 07, pp. 90–96, 2021.

[11] H. M. Fadilah and E. Walujodjati, “Perbandingan Pembebanan Gempa Bangunan Bertingkat Menggunakan Analisis Static Equivalent dan Analisis Dynamic Time History di Kab. Garut,” 2020. [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.sttgarut.ac.id/

[12] N. Fitria, “Analisis Perilaku Struktur Pada Sistem Ganda Apartemen 9 Lantai Menggunakan Metode Time History Analysis Sesuai Peraturan Sni 1726:2012,” 2018. [Online]. Available: www.peer.berkeley.edu

[13] A. Gandarasa, H. Wijaya, and A. Yuwono, “Analisis Riwayat Waktu Fondasi Tiang Tunggal Dan Kelompok Di Tanah Lunak,” 2022.

[14] S. Mazzoni, “NGA-Subduction Portal: Ground-Motion Record Selection and Download,” The B. John Garrick Institute for the Risk Sciences. InteractiveResource.

[15] F. Pratama, A. S. Budi, and Wibowo, “Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur Gedung 10 Lantai Dengan Analisis Time History Pada Tinjauan Drift Dan Displacement Menggunakan Software Etabs.,” e-Jurnal MATRIKS TEKNIK SIPIL, 2014.

[16] N. Eka Saputra and Y. A. Priastiwi, “Comparative Study Of Dynamic Earthquake Analysis With Spectral Design And Time History Methods,” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1223–1234, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.59141/jist.v4i8.700.

[17] H. I. Pratama, “Analysis of Non-Linear Static Procedure Based on Fema 356 to Evaluate Structural Performance in the Alton Apartment Building,” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, vol. 5, no. 6, 2024, [Online]. Available: http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

[18] PT. Pulauintan Bajaperkasa Konstruksi, “Denah The Aloon-aloon Mall dan Hotel Magelang,” 2025.

[19] Badan Standardisasi Nasional, “SNI 1727:2020,” 2020.

[20] A. S. Huda, “Analisa Perhitungan Perletakan Dan Penggambaran Gaya,” Vierendeel Journal, vol. 01, no. 01, pp. 58–65, 2024.

[21] R. S. Putra, A. Ridwan, S. Winarto, and A. I. Candra, “Study Perencanaan Struktur Atas Gedung Guest House 6 Lantai Di Kota Kediri,” Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 35, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.30737/jurmateks.v3i1.886.

[22] A. Kusbiantoro et al., “Respon Struktur Beton Gedung Apartemen dan Perkantoran 20 Lantai Akibat Beban Gempa dengan Menggunakan Metode Respon Spektrum,” Jurnal Politeknik Negeri Semarang, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://rsa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/2021/

[23] Y. A. Pranata, K. J. Prasodjo, M. S. H. B. Boys, S. Hartono, F. H. Maknun, and R. F. Lumbangaol, “Laporan Akhir Program Mbkm Magang Pada Project Hotel Dan Mall The Aloon Aloon: Perencanaan Struktur Dengan Analisis Dinamik Riwayat Waktu,” Universitas Kristen Maranatha, 2025.

[24] Seismosoft ltd., “SeismoSignal,” 2025, v2025.

[25] StructurePoint, “SPColumn: Design and investigation of Reinforced Concrete Column Cestions,” 2025.

[26] Y. S. Astutik, “Analisa Struktur Balok Dengan Metode Momen (Studi Kasus: Proyek Pembangunan Grand Mall Batam),” Jurnal UJMC, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 53–65, 2018.

[27] M. F. Musyaffa and Jafar, “Perbandingan Kinerja Lentur Balok Beton Bertulang Dengan Sambungan Lewatan Dan Sambungan Mekanis (Clamp),” TAPAK (Teknologi Aplikasi Konstruksi), vol. 12, no. 1, 2022.

[28] Badan Standardisasi Nasional, “SNI 2847:2019,” 2019.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-11

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Konstruksi dan Infrastruktur Vol 14 No.1 : April 2026

Section

Artikel

Citation Check

License

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Upon receiving the proofs, the Author/Editor agrees to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.