Identifikasi Sektor Basis Komoditas Padi di Provinsi Jawa Timur: Pendekatan Location Quotient
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33603/jpa.v8i2.11950Kata Kunci:
Agribisnis, Basis, Ekonomi, Pembangunan, WilayahAbstrak
Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas strategis yang memiliki peran penting dalam ketahanan pangan dan struktur ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Provinsi Jawa Timur sebagai salah satu sentra produksi padi nasional menunjukkan variasi kinerja produksi antar kabupaten/kota yang mencerminkan adanya diferensiasi spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat spesialisasi dan keunggulan komparatif produksi padi antarwilayah menggunakan pendekatan Location Quotient (LQ). Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder produksi padi kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan proporsi produksi padi di tingkat kabupaten/kota terhadap total produksi provinsi sebagai wilayah referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi padi di Jawa Timur terkonsentrasi pada beberapa kabupaten dengan nilai LQ > 1, terutama Lamongan, Ngawi, dan Bojonegoro, yang berperan sebagai wilayah basis produksi. Sebaliknya, wilayah dengan LQ < 1 menunjukkan tingkat spesialisasi yang lebih rendah serta struktur ekonomi yang lebih terdiversifikasi. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan pembangunan pertanian berbasis keunggulan komparatif wilayah guna meningkatkan efisiensi, daya saing, dan ketahanan pangan regional secara berkelanjutan.
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