Author Guidelines

The complete writing guidelines can be viewed and downloaded through the following template, which applies to publications starting from the March 2026 issue. The template used for publications from 2020–2025 is available in the following [template]. The Paradigma Agribisnis template has been revised due to the addition of DOI information and the inclusion of more informative guidelines regarding manuscript preparation and article content.

General Guidelines and Layout

The manuscript must be an original work that has not been previously published elsewhere and may be based on research findings, literature reviews, or other scholarly reviews.

Paradigma Agribisnis publishes studies and research findings in the fields of agribusiness and agricultural socioeconomics.

Articles must be original, meaning that they have not been previously published in another journal and are not currently under consideration for publication in another journal. Articles must also be free from plagiarism.

Manuscripts must be written properly in either Indonesian or English. The manuscript should be 10–15 pages in length, using A4 paper size, 1.15 line spacing, Microsoft Word 2003 or later, Times New Roman font, 11-point font size, with margins of 3 cm at the top, bottom, and right sides, and 4 cm on the left side.

Articles must follow the following structure and requirements:

1. Title

The title should be concise and informative, written in 12-point font. It should be engaging, comprehensive, straightforward, and clearly reflect the content of the study.

2. Author Names

Author names should be written without academic titles and placed below the title. For articles resulting from collaborative research, the names of all authors must be included in the same order as in the original research.

3. Author Affiliations and Addresses

The authors' institutional affiliations should be written below the author names, starting with the study program, university, address, and e-mail address. If there is more than one author, all authors' e-mail addresses must be provided, and an asterisk (*) should be used to indicate the corresponding author's e-mail address.

4. Abstract

The abstract should contain a maximum of 250 words, be written in a single paragraph, and not exceed one page. It should use Times New Roman, 10-point font, without italics or boldface, and be fully justified.

The abstract must be clear and descriptive and provide a complete yet concise overview of the research problem. It should include the background of the problem, research question or problem formulation, objectives, methods, and a brief summary of the research findings, ending with a concise conclusion.

The abstract must be written in Indonesian and followed by an English version.

5. Keywords

Keywords should consist of words or terms that reflect the essence of the concepts addressed in the research and should be mentioned in the title and/or abstract. A total of 3–5 keywords or keyword phrases should be provided.

Keywords should be placed below the abstract with one-line spacing. The use of abbreviations should be avoided.

6. Main Body of the Article

(i) The article should consist of an introduction presenting the research problem and conceptual or analytical framework based on a review of relevant theories, followed by subsections covering the research methods, results and discussion, and conclusion.

(ii) Research articles should consist of an introduction presenting the background of the problem (maximum 20%), methods (20%), results and discussion (50%), and conclusion (10%). The discussion must refer to relevant, primary, and up-to-date references.

Introduction

The introduction should present the topic from a general to a specific perspective, explaining the importance of the topic and the problem that needs to be addressed through the research. It should present relevant and up-to-date facts concerning the topic based on previous research findings and/or established theories.

The authors should then identify the gap between the research problem and the available evidence and provide an approach or recommendation for addressing this gap, thereby demonstrating the novelty or contribution of the article.

At the end of the introduction, the research objectives and, where necessary, the research hypotheses should be clearly stated.

The introduction should cite at least 10 articles from scientific journals published within the last 10 years.

Methods

The methods section should describe the steps undertaken during the research. It is not necessary to provide definitions of commonly understood terms, such as validity, instruments, samples, and so forth.

For research articles, the research methods must be presented clearly, including the procedures and relevant details. The methods section should describe the research location, research subjects, data collection procedures accompanied by appropriate explanations, and the methods used to analyze the data.

Results and Discussion

The results and discussion constitute the core of the article and should be presented together rather than as separate sections. They must be clearly presented and fulfill the requirements of scientific merit, including the aspects of what/how?, why?, and what else?

The data obtained should be presented clearly and concisely and may be presented in the form of tables, figures, or diagrams.

In the discussion section, the authors should relate the research findings to relevant and up-to-date theories or previous studies by comparing the findings with those of other studies. The discussion should be presented according to the sequence of the research objectives.

If the research findings differ from those of other relevant studies, the authors should explain the possible reasons for these differences.

Conclusion

The conclusion should be concise and focused and should directly address the objectives of the article. Recommendations for further research may also be included.

The conclusion should be written in paragraph form rather than as a numbered list.

7. References

The article should use at least 10 references from primary sources, such as relevant and up-to-date national and/or international journals published after 2010, in order to demonstrate a high-quality contribution to the development of knowledge.

Only sources cited in the main body of the article should be included in the reference list. Conversely, every source cited in the main body must appear in the reference list.

All citations and references must strictly follow the APA (American Psychological Association) style. The APA style guide can be accessed through the APA Style website.

Citation and reference management must also use the Mendeley application.

References to websites, blogs, and similar non-scholarly sources are not permitted.

In-text citations should include the author's surname and year of publication. For example: (Delima, 2012), or Delima (2012).

Secondary citations should be avoided whenever possible. For example: Noto (Hartono, 2012).

The reference list should use Times New Roman, 11-point font, with single spacing. References should be arranged alphabetically, with the second line of each reference indented 1 cm from the first line. References should follow the appropriate formats for books, journals, and other scholarly sources, as illustrated below.

Examples of References

Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia: Balliere Tindal.

Clark, L. A., Konchanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). Mothers Personality and Its Interaction with Child Temperament as Predictors of Parenting Behavour. Journal of Personality and Social Psycology, Vol. 1(2), 274–285.

Dunkin, M. J., & Biddle, B. J. (1974). The Study of Teaching. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

The following examples illustrate how to write references from various types of sources.

Single-Author Book

Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia: Balliere Tindal.

Book by Two or Three Authors

Dunkin, M. J., & Biddle, B. J. (1974). The Study of Teaching. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

Book by an Authoring Team or Institution

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Book Other Than the First Edition

Mitchell, T. R., & Larson, J. R. (1987). People in Organizations: An Introduction to Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Book Series or Multi-Volume Work (Editor as Author)

Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959–1963). Psychology: A Study of Science (Vols. 1–6). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Translated Book

Kotler, P. (1997). Manajemen Pemasaran: Analisis, Perencanaan, Implementasi (Hendra Teguh & Ronny Antonius Rusli, Trans.). Jakarta: Prehanlindo.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Eiser, S., Redpath, A., & Roges, N. (1987). Outcomes of Early Parenting: Knowns and Unknowns. In A. P. Kern & L. S. Maze (Eds.), Logical Thinking in Children (pp. 58–57). New York: Springer.

Conference Papers, Seminar Papers, and Similar Presentations

Crespo, C. J. (1998). Update on National Data on Asthma. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, March. New York: Springer.

Journal Article

Clark, L. A., Konchanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). Mothers Personality and Its Interaction with Child Temperament as Predictors of Parenting Behavour. Journal of Personality and Social Psycology, Vol. 1(2), 274–285.

Magazine Article

Greenberg, G. (2001, August 13). As Good as Dead: Is There Really Such a Thing as Brain Death? New York Bulletin, 36–41.

Book Review in a Journal

Grabill, C. M., & Kaslow, N. J. (1999). An ounce of prevention: Improving children's mental health for the 21st century [Review of the book Handbook of Prevention with Children and Adolescents]. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, Vol. 1(28), 115–116.

Document

NAACP. (1999). Calls for Presidential Order to Halt Police Brutality Crisis. America: NCTM.

Thesis, Dissertation, or Research Report

Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a Learning Environment on Realistic Mathematics Education for Indonesian Student Teachers. Unpublished dissertation, Enschede, University of Twente.

Internet Source

OECD. (2010). PISA Results: What Makes a School Successful? (online). Retrieved March 26, 2012.