KAJIAN HUKUM ODONTOLOGI FORENSIK UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI KORBAN BENCANA ALAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEMANFAATAN HUKUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33603/hermeneutika.v10i1.11317Kata Kunci:
odontologi forensik, identifikasi korban, DVI, kemanfaatan hukum, odontogramAbstrak
Identifikasi korban bencana merupakan bagian penting dalam penanganan pascabencana untuk memastikan terpenuhinya hak korban dan keluarga atas kepastian identitas. Indonesia sebagai negara yang rawan bencana membutuhkan sistem identifikasi yang efektif dan sesuai standar internasional. Odontologi forensik merupakan salah satu metode identifikasi primer yang diakui oleh Interpol karena memiliki tingkat keandalan tinggi, terutama ketika tubuh korban mengalami kerusakan ekstrem seperti terbakar, terdekomposisi, atau tidak dapat diidentifikasi secara visual. Meskipun demikian, sejumlah kasus bencana di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan odontologi forensik belum optimal dan tidak terdokumentasi secara memadai.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek regulasi yang mengatur peran odontologi forensik dalam identifikasi korban bencana serta mengevaluasi kemanfaatan hukumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji norma hukum terkait penulisan dan penggunaan odontogram universal sebagai instrumen penting dalam proses identifikasi berbasis gigi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum doktrinal dengan paradigma positivisme hukum serta dianalisis menggunakan teori utilitarianisme Jeremy Bentham untuk menilai sejauh mana manfaat hukum dapat diwujudkan melalui penerapan odontologi forensik.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah memiliki landasan hukum yang cukup kuat terkait kewajiban identifikasi korban, namun implementasinya masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan sumber daya ahli, minimnya kesadaran aparat penegak hukum, serta ketiadaan sistem odontogram nasional yang seragam. Kesimpulannya, kemanfaatan hukum dari penerapan odontologi forensik dalam identifikasi korban bencana belum tercapai secara optimal, sehingga diperlukan pembaruan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan penguatan sistem rekam medis gigi secara nasional.
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