Publications Ethics

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

Euclid is committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity, transparency, and ethical conduct in scholarly publishing. This Publication Ethics statement applies to all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher.

The journal’s ethical policies are informed by the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Any suspected cases of research or publication misconduct will be investigated fairly, confidentially, and objectively. Where necessary, the journal will follow the relevant COPE guidance and flowcharts.

1. Responsibilities of Authors

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are original works. Any words, ideas, data, figures, tables, computer code, mathematical expressions, or other materials derived from other sources must be properly acknowledged and cited.

Plagiarism in any form—including direct copying, inappropriate paraphrasing, mosaic plagiarism, and the presentation of another person’s work as one’s own—is unacceptable. Manuscripts may be screened for textual similarity before or during the review process. The final decision regarding suspected plagiarism is based on editorial assessment rather than solely on a similarity percentage.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Submission

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. A manuscript that has already been published, either substantially or in full, must not be submitted to Euclid.

The inappropriate division of one study into several publications, duplicate publication, and the reuse of substantial portions of previously published work without proper disclosure and citation are prohibited.

Manuscripts based on conference papers, theses, dissertations, preprints, or institutional reports may be considered if this is clearly disclosed during submission, the manuscript contains a substantial scholarly contribution beyond the earlier version, and no copyright or publication agreement is violated.

Accuracy and Integrity of Research

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of all data, analyses, calculations, proofs, results, and conclusions presented in their manuscripts. Fabrication, falsification, selective manipulation, or intentional omission of relevant data constitutes serious misconduct.

For theoretical and pure mathematics manuscripts, authors must present definitions, assumptions, propositions, proofs, and logical arguments accurately and transparently. For applied mathematics and statistical research, authors should provide sufficient information about data sources, models, assumptions, computational procedures, software, and analytical methods to allow the work to be evaluated and, where possible, reproduced.

Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship must be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the study; the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the development of the theoretical, methodological, or computational work.

All listed authors must:

1. participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it;

2. approve the final version submitted for publication; and

3. accept responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the work.

Individuals who contributed to the study but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately. Guest, honorary, and ghost authorship are prohibited.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all eligible contributors are included, that no inappropriate authors are listed, and that all authors have approved the manuscript and agreed to its submission. Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be supported by a clear explanation and the written agreement of all authors. Such changes remain subject to editorial approval.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Authors must appropriately acknowledge all sources that influenced the research. Publications relevant to the study must be cited accurately and fairly. Authors must not cite sources they have not read or use citations merely to manipulate citation metrics.

Information obtained privately through correspondence, discussion, peer review, or confidential documents must not be used without explicit permission from the source.

Data Availability and Reproducibility

Authors should retain the data, instruments, computer code, syntax, algorithms, and other research materials supporting their findings. Where ethically and legally possible, authors are encouraged to make these materials available in a trusted repository or provide them upon reasonable request.

If access to data is restricted because of participant confidentiality, institutional agreements, intellectual property, or other legitimate considerations, authors must explain the restriction in the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, professional, personal, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation. All sources of financial and material support must be acknowledged.

If no competing interests exist, authors should explicitly state that they have no conflict of interest.

Research Involving Human Participants

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable ethical standards and relevant laws and regulations. Authors must state whether the study received approval from an appropriate research ethics committee or institutional review board, including the name of the approving institution and approval number where applicable.

Authors must obtain informed consent from participants or their legal guardians when required. The privacy, dignity, confidentiality, and anonymity of participants must be protected. Information that could identify an individual must not be published without explicit consent.

For classroom-based studies, educational interventions, assessments, interviews, observations, or the use of student data, authors must clearly explain how ethical approval, institutional permission, participant consent, and data protection were addressed.

Fundamental Errors in Published Work

If authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in a submitted or published manuscript, they must promptly notify the editorial office and cooperate in correcting or retracting the article. Authors must also cooperate with investigations into concerns raised by readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other parties.

2. Responsibilities of Editors

Fair and Independent Editorial Decisions

Editors evaluate manuscripts based on their scholarly quality, originality, methodological soundness, relevance to the journal’s scope, and contribution to the field. Editorial decisions must not be influenced by the authors’ race, gender, religion, nationality, institutional affiliation, political views, or other irrelevant characteristics.

The Editor-in-Chief has final responsibility for deciding which manuscripts will be published, taking into account the reviewers’ recommendations, applicable legal requirements, and the journal’s ethical policies.

Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and must not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone other than the authors, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, and publisher when necessary.

Unpublished information contained in a submitted manuscript must not be used for personal research or advantage without the author’s explicit written permission.

Conflicts of Interest

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have financial, professional, institutional, personal, or collaborative conflicts of interest. Such manuscripts must be assigned to another qualified editor who can manage the review process independently.

Manuscripts submitted by members of the editorial team must undergo the same review standards as other submissions and must be handled independently of the submitting editor.

Management of Peer Review

Editors are responsible for selecting qualified and independent reviewers, protecting reviewer confidentiality, assessing the quality of review reports, and ensuring that the peer-review process is fair and timely.

Editors must not require authors to cite particular articles merely to increase citations to the journal, editors, reviewers, or associated institutions.

Investigation of Ethical Concerns

Editors must respond appropriately to credible allegations of research or publication misconduct, whether the concern is raised before or after publication. When necessary, the editor may request explanations, original data, ethical approval documents, or other supporting materials from the authors.

The journal may contact the authors’ institutions, research ethics committees, funding bodies, or other journals when this is necessary to conduct a fair investigation. Decisions will be made on the basis of available evidence and in accordance with relevant COPE guidance.

3. Responsibilities of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review assists editors in making publication decisions and helps authors improve their manuscripts. Reviewers should provide constructive, evidence-based, and respectful feedback.

Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review are confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, reproduce, distribute, discuss, or use the manuscript or its contents for purposes unrelated to the review process.

Objectivity

Reviews must be conducted objectively. Personal criticism, hostile language, unsupported allegations, and comments unrelated to the scholarly quality of the manuscript are inappropriate. Reviewers should explain their judgments clearly and provide relevant evidence or references where necessary.

Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers must disclose any relationship or interest that could affect, or reasonably be perceived as affecting, the impartiality of their review. Reviewers should decline an invitation if they have a significant conflict of interest or do not possess the expertise needed to evaluate the manuscript.

Acknowledgment of Sources and Ethical Concerns

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited and alert the editor to substantial similarities between the manuscript and other works known to them.

Any suspected plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, unethical research, inappropriate image or data manipulation, authorship problems, or other misconduct must be reported confidentially to the editor.

Timeliness

Reviewers who are unable to complete a review within the specified period should promptly inform the editor. Reviewers should accept assignments only when they can provide a competent and timely assessment.

4. Responsibilities of the Publisher

The Research Institute of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, as the publisher of Euclid, supports the editorial independence of the journal and does not interfere with editorial decisions concerning individual manuscripts.

The publisher works with the editorial team to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record, prevent unethical publication practices, and issue corrections, retractions, or other post-publication notices when necessary. Commercial interests, institutional relationships, or other external considerations must not compromise editorial decisions.

5. Peer-Review Ethics

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial assessment to determine their suitability for the journal. Manuscripts that pass this stage are evaluated through the journal’s peer-review process.

The identities and information of authors and reviewers must be protected in accordance with the review model adopted by the journal. Authors must not attempt to identify, contact, influence, or retaliate against reviewers. Reviewers must not contact authors directly concerning a manuscript unless authorized by the editor.

Editors may reject a manuscript without external review if it is outside the journal’s scope, does not meet basic scholarly or technical standards, violates ethical requirements, or presents clear evidence of plagiarism or duplicate publication.

6. Plagiarism and Research Misconduct

Euclid does not tolerate plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, peer-review manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, inappropriate authorship, duplicate publication, or other forms of research and publication misconduct.

When misconduct is suspected, the journal may:

1. request clarification and supporting documents from the authors;

2. suspend the review or publication process;

3. reject or withdraw the manuscript;

4. publish a correction, expression of concern, or retraction;

5. notify the authors’ institutions, funders, or relevant authorities; and

6. take other appropriate measures consistent with COPE guidance.

Allegations will be assessed based on evidence, and all parties will be given a reasonable opportunity to respond.

7. Use of Artificial Intelligence and AI-Assisted Technologies

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the integrity, originality, and accuracy of scholarly work.

Authors who use generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies in preparing a manuscript must disclose their use transparently. The disclosure should identify the tool, describe how it was used, and explain which parts of the work were affected. Routine spelling, grammar, and language-editing tools generally do not require disclosure unless they substantially generate or alter scholarly content.

Authors remain fully responsible for all AI-assisted content, including its accuracy, originality, citations, interpretations, mathematical expressions, computer code, and compliance with copyright, confidentiality, and research-ethics requirements. AI-generated references or factual claims must be independently verified.

Authors must not use AI tools to fabricate data, manipulate findings, generate deceptive images, create false citations, conceal plagiarism, or misrepresent authorship and contributions.

Reviewers and editors must not upload confidential manuscripts, review reports, unpublished data, or personally identifiable information to external AI systems when doing so could violate confidentiality, privacy, intellectual-property, or data-protection obligations. Any permitted use of AI in editorial or review activities must not replace human scholarly judgment and accountability.

8. Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

Euclid is committed to preserving the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

A correction may be published when an otherwise reliable article contains an error that does not invalidate its main findings. A retraction may be issued when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, the article constitutes plagiarism or duplicate publication, unethical research is identified, or other serious violations are confirmed.

An expression of concern may be published when serious questions have been raised but the investigation is incomplete or inconclusive. Retraction and correction notices will clearly identify the affected article, explain the reason for the action, and remain permanently linked to the published record.

The journal will not remove a published article except in exceptional circumstances involving legal requirements, serious privacy concerns, public safety, or other compelling reasons.

9. Complaints and Appeals

Authors, reviewers, readers, and other parties may submit complaints or appeals concerning editorial decisions, publication procedures, ethical concerns, or the conduct of individuals involved in the publication process.

Complaints and appeals must be supported by clear reasons and relevant evidence. They will be reviewed fairly and, where possible, by an editor or institutional representative who was not directly involved in the original decision. An appeal does not guarantee that an editorial decision will be changed.

10. Post-Publication Discussion

Euclid welcomes responsible scholarly discussion of published articles. Readers may communicate concerns or comments to the editorial office. Substantive concerns will be examined and, where appropriate, the authors may be invited to respond.

If an investigation identifies an error or ethical issue affecting the published record, the journal will take appropriate corrective action regardless of when the issue is discovered.

11. Commitment to Publication Integrity

Euclid is committed to continually reviewing and improving its editorial policies. Authors, reviewers, editors, and readers share responsibility for supporting honest, transparent, accountable, and reproducible scholarship in mathematics, applied mathematics, and mathematics education.

This Publication Ethics statement should be read together with the journal’s Author Guidelines, Peer-Review Process, Copyright and Licensing Policy, Plagiarism Policy, Retraction Policy, and other applicable editorial policies.