Author Guidelines

General Information

Euclid publishes original scholarly articles in mathematics education, applied mathematics, and pure mathematics. Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are relevant to the journal’s focus and scope, scientifically rigorous, clearly written, and capable of making a meaningful contribution to their respective fields.

Submitted manuscripts must not have been previously published and must not be under consideration by another journal or conference proceeding. All submissions must comply with the journal’s Publication Ethics, Peer-Review Policy, Plagiarism Policy, Copyright and Licensing Policy, and other applicable editorial policies.

Authors are strongly encouraged to read these guidelines carefully and use the official Euclid manuscript template before submitting their work. Manuscripts that do not comply with the journal’s requirements may be returned to the authors without peer review.

1. Scope of the Journal

Euclid welcomes original manuscripts within the following areas:

Mathematics Education

mathematics teaching and learning;
mathematics learning models and strategies;
assessment and evaluation in mathematics education;
design and development research;
mathematical thinking and abilities;
technology-enhanced mathematics learning;
teacher education and professional development;
ethnomathematics; and
other relevant innovations in mathematics education.

Applied Mathematics

environmental mathematics;
industrial mathematics;
computational mathematics;
mathematical modelling;
mathematical economics;
financial mathematics;
operations research;
probability and statistics; and
other applications of mathematics.

Pure Mathematics

algebra;
geometry;
mathematical analysis;
number theory;
discrete mathematics;
combinatorics; and
other areas of pure mathematics.

2. Types of Manuscripts

Euclid primarily accepts the following types of manuscripts:

Original Research Articles
Reports of original empirical, experimental, theoretical, computational, or methodological research.
Review Articles
Critical and systematic syntheses of previously published research that identify trends, gaps, debates, and directions for future research.
Theoretical or Conceptual Articles
Manuscripts that develop, examine, extend, or critique mathematical, educational, theoretical, or conceptual frameworks.
Design and Development Studies
Reports concerning the systematic development and evaluation of learning designs, assessment instruments, educational technologies, mathematical models, or other scholarly products.

The editors determine whether a submitted manuscript is suitable for the journal and the selected article category.

3. Language

Manuscripts may be written in English or Bahasa Indonesia. Authors must use clear, formal, accurate, and academically appropriate language.

Manuscripts written in Bahasa Indonesia must follow standard Indonesian spelling and grammar. Manuscripts written in English must use consistent American or British English throughout the article.

Every manuscript must include the title, abstract, and keywords in both English and Bahasa Indonesia. Authors who are not proficient in the language used in the manuscript are encouraged to obtain professional language editing before submission.

Language quality may be considered during the initial editorial assessment. Manuscripts that require substantial language correction may be returned to the authors before peer review.

4. Manuscript Preparation

Manuscripts must be prepared using the official Euclid template available on the journal website. The template provides the applicable page size, margins, typeface, font size, spacing, heading levels, and other technical formatting requirements.

The manuscript should normally contain approximately 5,000–8,000 words, including tables, figures, and references. A manuscript outside this range may be considered when its length is justified by the nature of the study.

The manuscript must:

be submitted in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx);
use A4 paper size;
follow the styles provided in the journal template;
use automatic page numbering;
use consistent heading levels;
place tables and figures close to their first mention in the text;
use editable text and equations rather than images of text or formulas;
avoid unnecessary footnotes; and
contain no author-identifying information in the anonymized manuscript.

Authors should submit a clean and publication-ready manuscript. The editorial team is not responsible for correcting extensive formatting, grammatical, mathematical, or bibliographic errors.

5. Manuscript Structure

Title

The title must be concise, specific, informative, and accurately reflect the principal content of the manuscript. It should avoid unnecessary abbreviations, formulas, locations, or expressions such as “a study of” when these do not add essential information.

The title should preferably not exceed 15 words.

Author Information

Author names must be entered completely and accurately in the OJS submission metadata. Academic degrees and professional titles must not be included in the author names.

The following information must be provided for each author:

full name;
institutional affiliation;
city and country;
email address; and
ORCID iD, where available.

One author must be identified as the corresponding author. The corresponding author is responsible for all communication with the journal and for ensuring that all authors have approved the manuscript and agreed to its submission.

Because Euclid applies anonymous peer review, author names, affiliations, acknowledgments, and other identifying information must be removed from the manuscript submitted for review. Complete author information must be entered separately in the OJS metadata.

Abstract

The abstract must be self-contained and provide an accurate summary of the manuscript. It should normally contain 150–250 words in a single paragraph.

For an empirical research article, the abstract should briefly present:

the research problem or background;
the purpose of the study;
the methods;
the principal results; and
the main conclusion or implication.

For theoretical, conceptual, or review articles, the abstract should state the purpose, scope, approach, principal argument or findings, and conclusion.

The abstract should not contain citations, footnotes, undefined abbreviations, tables, figures, or unnecessarily complex mathematical expressions.

The English and Indonesian abstracts must convey equivalent information.

Keywords

Authors must provide three to five keywords or key phrases in both English and Bahasa Indonesia. Keywords should represent the essential concepts, methods, objects, or fields addressed in the manuscript.

Keywords should be specific enough to support indexing and discovery. Words already used in the title should not be repeated unnecessarily.

6. Structure of an Original Research Article

An original research article should generally contain the following sections:

Introduction

The introduction should:

clearly explain the background and context of the study;
identify the relevant theoretical and empirical literature;
demonstrate the research gap or problem;
explain the novelty and significance of the study; and
state the research objective, question, or hypothesis.

The introduction should present a focused synthesis of the literature rather than a sequence of disconnected summaries. A separate literature-review section may be used only when justified by the nature of the manuscript.

Method

The method section must provide sufficient information for readers to understand, evaluate, and, where possible, reproduce the research.

Depending on the type of study, this section should explain:

the research design;
population, participants, sample, or data source;
sampling procedures;
variables or constructs;
instruments and evidence of their validity and reliability;
data-collection procedures;
mathematical or statistical models;
computational procedures and software;
data-analysis techniques;
ethical approval and informed consent, where applicable; and
measures taken to ensure research quality and integrity.

For mathematical and computational studies, authors must clearly present the relevant definitions, assumptions, algorithms, parameters, initial conditions, proofs, simulations, and validation procedures.

Results

The results section must present the study findings clearly, accurately, and logically. Authors should report results that directly address the research questions, objectives, or hypotheses.

Tables and figures should be used only when they improve the presentation of information. The same results should not be repeated unnecessarily in the text, tables, and figures.

Statistical results must include appropriate estimates, measures of uncertainty, effect sizes, goodness-of-fit information, or other relevant evidence rather than relying solely on statistical significance.

Discussion

The discussion should:

interpret the principal findings;
explain how the findings address the research problem;
compare the results with relevant previous studies;
discuss theoretical, methodological, or practical implications;
explain unexpected or contradictory findings;
acknowledge the study’s limitations; and
identify reasonable directions for future research.

The discussion must not merely repeat the results.

Euclid encourages authors to integrate the Results and Discussion sections when this produces a clearer and more coherent presentation.

Conclusion

The conclusion should directly answer the research objective or question and highlight the manuscript’s primary contribution. It should be concise and based only on evidence presented in the manuscript.

The conclusion should not introduce new data, citations, or arguments. Recommendations may be included when they follow logically from the findings.

7. Structure of Review and Theoretical Articles

Review and theoretical articles may use a structure appropriate to their objectives. However, the manuscript must contain:

an introduction explaining the problem and significance;
a clear objective or review question;
an explicit analytical, conceptual, or review method;
a structured presentation and critical discussion;
a statement of the article’s scholarly contribution; and
a conclusion.

Systematic reviews should describe the information sources, search strategy, eligibility criteria, study-selection procedure, quality assessment, and synthesis method. Where applicable, authors should follow an established reporting guideline appropriate to the review design.

A review article must provide critical analysis and synthesis rather than merely summarize previous studies.

8. Mathematical Expressions and Equations

All symbols, variables, operators, vectors, matrices, sets, functions, and parameters must be defined when first introduced. Notation must be consistent throughout the manuscript.

Equations must:

be created using an editable equation editor;
not be submitted as images;
be numbered consecutively when referenced in the text;
use standard mathematical notation; and
include appropriate punctuation as part of the sentence.

Authors are responsible for checking the accuracy of all equations, derivations, proofs, algorithms, and numerical results.

Theorems, lemmas, propositions, corollaries, definitions, and proofs should be clearly identified and presented consistently.

9. Tables and Figures

Tables and figures must be relevant, accurate, legible, and understandable without excessive reference to the main text.

Each table and figure must:

be numbered consecutively;
have a concise and informative caption;
be cited in the text before it appears;
include definitions of abbreviations, symbols, or units where necessary; and
identify the source when adapted or reproduced from another work.

Tables must be created as editable tables, not embedded as images. Vertical lines should be avoided unless essential for clarity.

Figures, diagrams, graphs, and illustrations must have sufficient resolution for publication. Labels and lettering must remain readable when the image is resized to fit the journal layout.

Authors must obtain written permission to reproduce copyrighted tables, figures, instruments, or other materials. Adapted materials must be appropriately cited.

Data presented in tables and figures must be consistent with the data reported in the text.

10. Citations and References

Euclid uses the APA Style, Seventh Edition for in-text citations and reference lists.

Authors are strongly encouraged to use reference-management software such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote to ensure consistency and accuracy.

The reference list should:

contain only sources cited in the manuscript;
include all sources cited in the manuscript;
be arranged alphabetically by the first author’s surname;
provide complete and accurate bibliographic information;
include DOI numbers in URL format whenever available; and
follow APA Seventh Edition consistently.

Authors should prioritize relevant, peer-reviewed, primary, and recent scholarly literature. Seminal or foundational sources may be cited regardless of publication year when they are directly relevant.

Excessive reliance on textbooks, unpublished materials, non-scholarly websites, or inaccessible sources should be avoided. Authors should not use citations for the purpose of artificially increasing the citation counts of particular authors, journals, or institutions.

Examples

Journal article

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, volume(issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Chapter in an edited book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Conference proceeding

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the paper. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of the proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Thesis or dissertation

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the thesis or dissertation [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Name of Institution]. Repository or Database. URL

Webpage

Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL

Authors are responsible for confirming that every citation and reference is authentic, accurate, accessible, and relevant.

11. Research Ethics

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable ethical principles, institutional requirements, and national regulations.

Where applicable, the manuscript must include:

the name of the research ethics committee or institutional review board;
the ethical approval number;
a statement concerning informed consent;
procedures for protecting participant privacy and confidentiality; and
permission to use identifiable information or images.

For educational research involving students, teachers, schools, assessment results, interviews, observations, or institutional data, authors must explain how permission, consent, confidentiality, and data protection were addressed.

If formal ethical approval was not required, the authors should provide an appropriate explanation.

12. Author Contributions

All listed authors must have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work and must approve the submitted and final versions of the manuscript.

Euclid encourages authors to describe individual contributions using the CRediT taxonomy, including relevant roles such as:

conceptualization;
methodology;
software;
validation;
formal analysis;
investigation;
resources;
data curation;
writing—original draft;
writing—review and editing;
visualization;
supervision;
project administration; and
funding acquisition.

Individuals who contributed to the manuscript but do not qualify for authorship should be recognized in the Acknowledgments section with their permission.

13. Acknowledgments

Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided non-author contributions, technical assistance, access to data, facilities, or other support.

Acknowledgments must be removed from the anonymized manuscript during peer review and added after the manuscript is accepted.

14. Funding Statement

Authors must disclose all financial support received for the research and publication of the manuscript. The funding statement should include the funder’s name and grant number, where applicable.

If the research received no specific funding, authors should state:

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

15. Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, professional, personal, or other relationships that could influence, or reasonably be perceived as influencing, the research.

If no competing interests exist, authors should state:

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

16. Data Availability Statement

Authors should provide a statement explaining whether the data, instruments, code, algorithms, or other materials supporting the findings are publicly available.

When materials are publicly available, the statement should identify the repository and provide a permanent link or DOI. When access is restricted, the reason for the restriction should be explained.

An example statement is:

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Authors must not disclose confidential, personally identifiable, copyrighted, or legally restricted data.

17. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authors who use generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies to produce or substantially revise text, code, images, analyses, translations, or other manuscript content must disclose their use transparently. The disclosure should identify the tool, version where available, purpose, and manner of use.

Authors remain fully responsible for:

the originality and accuracy of the manuscript;
the validity of data, analyses, calculations, and conclusions;
the authenticity and accuracy of citations;
compliance with copyright and confidentiality requirements; and
all errors, omissions, biases, or misleading content produced with AI assistance.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, generate false references, manipulate findings, conceal plagiarism, or misrepresent authorship.

Routine spelling and grammar correction generally does not require disclosure when it does not generate or substantially alter scholarly content.

18. Similarity and Plagiarism Screening

All manuscripts may be screened for similarity and plagiarism before or during the editorial process.

Authors must properly quote, paraphrase, and cite all material derived from other sources. Reusing substantial portions of the authors’ own published work without disclosure and citation may constitute redundant publication or self-plagiarism.

Editorial decisions are not based solely on a numerical similarity score. The nature, extent, location, and scholarly context of matching text will be evaluated by the editorial team.

Manuscripts containing plagiarism, fabricated citations, inappropriate text recycling, or other serious ethical violations may be rejected. Further action may be taken in accordance with the journal’s Publication Ethics.

19. Anonymous Peer Review

Euclid applies an anonymous peer-review process. Authors must prepare the manuscript so that their identities cannot be determined by reviewers.

Before submission, authors must remove:

author names and affiliations;
email addresses and ORCID iDs;
acknowledgments;
author-contribution statements;
identifying information in headers, footers, and file properties;
references to the authors’ institution when unnecessary; and
wording that explicitly identifies previous work as the authors’ own.

Self-citations must be written objectively and should not reveal the authors’ identities.

Complete author information must be entered separately in the OJS submission metadata.

20. Submission Procedure

Manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the Euclid online submission system. Submissions sent by personal email will not normally be processed.

The submitting author must:

register or log in to the journal website;
start a new submission;
select the appropriate article category;
complete the submission checklist;
upload the anonymized manuscript;
enter complete and accurate metadata for all authors;
enter the title, abstract, and keywords;
upload supplementary materials where applicable; and
confirm the submission.

The corresponding author must ensure that the order of authors in the OJS metadata is identical to the agreed authorship order.

Incomplete metadata or failure to follow the submission requirements may delay editorial processing.

21. Initial Editorial Assessment

Every submission undergoes an initial assessment before being sent for peer review. The editors may evaluate:

compatibility with the journal’s focus and scope;
originality and scholarly contribution;
methodological or theoretical quality;
compliance with the journal template;
clarity of language and presentation;
completeness of metadata and required statements;
similarity and plagiarism results; and
compliance with research and publication ethics.

A manuscript may be rejected without external peer review if it is outside the journal’s scope, lacks sufficient scholarly quality or originality, does not comply with essential requirements, or contains serious ethical concerns.

22. Revision of Manuscripts

When revision is requested, authors must submit:

a revised manuscript with changes clearly indicated;
a clean version of the revised manuscript, if requested; and
a detailed response to reviewers explaining how each comment has been addressed.

The response document should reproduce each reviewer comment and provide a specific response immediately below it. When an author does not accept a reviewer’s recommendation, the reason must be explained respectfully and supported by scholarly evidence.

Authors must submit revisions within the period specified by the editor. Requests for additional time should be submitted before the revision deadline.

A request for revision does not guarantee acceptance.

23. Proofreading and Publication

After acceptance, the manuscript may undergo copyediting, layout editing, and proofreading. The corresponding author is responsible for carefully checking the proof, including:

author names and affiliations;
title and abstract;
mathematical notation and equations;
tables and figures;
citations and references;
funding and ethical statements; and
DOI and hyperlink information.

Only minor corrections are normally permitted at the proof stage. Substantial changes to the content, authorship, data, results, or conclusions require editorial approval.

Authors must return corrected proofs within the period specified by the journal.

24. Copyright and Licensing

Authors retain copyright in their published articles and grant Euclid the right of first publication.

Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) unless otherwise stated. This license permits others to share and adapt the work, provided that appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is supplied, changes are indicated, and derivative works are distributed under the same license.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all third-party materials included in their manuscripts are compatible with the journal’s license or are used with appropriate permission.

25. Submission Preparation Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript, authors must confirm that:

the manuscript is original and is not being considered by another publication;
the manuscript is relevant to the focus and scope of Euclid;
the official journal template has been used;
the submission file is in Microsoft Word format;
the manuscript has been anonymized for peer review;
the title, abstract, and keywords are provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia;
all tables, figures, and equations are editable and correctly numbered;
all citations appear in the reference list and all references are cited in the text;
references comply with APA Seventh Edition;
DOI numbers or permanent URLs are provided where available;
research ethics and informed consent are reported where applicable;
funding, conflicts of interest, author contributions, and data availability have been disclosed;
any use of generative AI has been disclosed where required;
all authors have approved the manuscript and agreed to its submission; and
the manuscript complies with the Publication Ethics of Euclid.

Submissions that do not comply with these requirements may be returned to the authors for correction before further editorial consideration.