Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Abstract

Permasalahan penyakit infeksi dan penyakit tropik masih menjadi permasalahan yang sangat penting karena angka
kesakitan dan kemartian yang cukup tinggi. Escherichia coli adalah salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan
infeksi. Resistensi Escherichia coli sering dilaporkan terjadi, salah satunya Antimicrobial Resistant in Indonesia
telah melaporkan Escherichia coli resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik, oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan alternatif
lain untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Daun kersen mengandung senyawa flavonoid,
tannin, saponin yang diketahui berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan: Mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak
etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control grup design. Penelitian ini
menggunakan 7 kelompok, 2 kelompok kontrol dan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari
ekstrak etanol dari daun kersen konsentrasi 2%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%. Kelompok kontrol yaitu kontrol positif
(K(+)) dengan cotrimoxazole dan kontrol negatif ((K(-)) yaitu Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) 10%. Data diuji
menggunakan uji One-way Anova. Hasil: Rata-rata zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 60% yaitu 10,5 mm,
sedangkan rata-rata zona hambat terkecil pada konsentrasi 10% yaitu 6 mm, konsentrasi 2% tidak didapatkan
adanya zona hambat Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada setiap konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun
kersen terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Kadar hambat minimum dari ekstrak etanol daun kersen terhadap
bakteri Escherichia coli ada pada konsentrasi 10% dengan rata-rata zona hambat 6 mm
Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Daun Kersen, Escherichia coli, Aktivitas Antibakteri
ABSTRACT
The problem of infectious diseases and tropical diseases is still a very important problem because the morbidity
and mortality rates are quite high. Escherichia coli is a bacteria that can cause infection. Escherichia coli
resistance is often reported, one of which is Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia which has reported that
Escherichia coli is resistant to several types of antibiotics, therefore other alternatives are needed to inhibit the
growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Cherry leaves contain flavonoid compounds, tannins, saponins which are
known to have antibacterial properties. Objective: To determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of
cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) against Escherichia coli bacteria. Methods: This research is an
experimental study with a post-test only control group design. This study used 7 groups, 2 control groups and 5
treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of ethanol extract from cherry leaves at concentrations of 2%,
10%, 20%, 40%, 60%. The control group was the positive control (K(+)) with cotrimoxazole and the negative
control (K(-)) namely Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) 10%. Data were tested using the One-way Anova. Results:
Obtained the largest average inhibition zone at a concentration of 60%, namely 10,5 mm, while the smallest
average inhibition zone at a concentration of 10%, namely 6 mm, concentrations of 2% found no inhibition zone
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in each concentration of the ethanol extract of cherry leaves against
Escherichia coli bacteria and the minimum inhibition level of the ethanol extract of cherry leaves against
Escherichia coli bacteria is at a concentration of 10 % with an average inhibition zone of 6 mm