Perbandingan Konsentrasi Garam yang Dikonsumsi dengan Level Tekanan Darah (Studi di Puskesmas Kota Cirebon)

Vivi Meidianawaty, Desy Fitriani Sarah

Sari


Latar Belakang: Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg atau tekanan diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg.  Hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 3 setelah stroke dan tuberkulosis, yakni mencapai 6,7% dari populasi kematian pada semua umur di Indonesia. Konsumsi garam yang berlebihan berhubungan dengan prevalensi hipertensi yang melonjak setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kebiasaan konsumsi garam rata-rata perhari terhadap level tekanan darah serta faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhinya. Metode. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner food recall dan food frequency kepada 400 responden yang sudah dicek tekanan darahnya, kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok kontrol yaitu kelompok pasien hipertensi dan kelompok pasien normotensi. Selain itu diamati apakah ada faktor lain penyebab hipertensi pada responden selain dari faktor konsumsi garam perhari melalui kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan uji regresi. Hasil : setelah dilakukan uji statistik terdapat perbandingan konsentrasi garam yang dikonsumsi responden yang menderita hipertensi dengan responden  normotensi (P=0,000), terdapat perbedaan riwayat hipertensi keluarga responden hipertensi dan responden normotensi dimana rata-rata pasien hipertensi mempuyai riwayat keluarga lebih tinggi dibanding responden normotensi (P=0,001), terdapat perbandingan Body Mass Index responden hipertensi dan responden normotensi dimana responden hipertensi rata-rata mempunyai BMI lebih dari normal  (P=0,002) dan terdapat perbadingan  umur responden normotensi dan responden hipertensi, responden hipertensi cenderung berumur 35 tahun keatas (P=0,001). Simpulan : Terdapat perbandingan konsentrasi garam yang dikonsumsi kelompok responden hipertensi dan kelompok normotensi, dimana kelompok hipertensi cenderung mengkonsumsi garam dalam jumlah tinggi. faktor lain seperti umur, riwayat keluarga, BMI turut berperan terhadap level tekanan darah.

Kata Kunci: Konsumsi garam, Tekanan Darah, Hipertensi.

Background: Hypertension is a condition in systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death after stroke and tuberculosis, which reached 6.7% of the population of deaths in all age groups in Indonesia. Excessive salt intake is related to the prevalence of hypertension is increasing by the year. This study aimed to compare the consumption habits of salt daily average of the blood pressure levels as well as other factors that influence it. Method. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires food recall and food frequency to the 400 respondents who had their blood pressure checked, then divided into two groups, namely control group of patients with hypertension and normotensive patient group. Additionally observed if there are other factors causing hypertension in respondents apart from the factor of daily salt intake through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi square test and regression test. Results: After statistical test are the concentration ratio of salt consumed by respondents with hypertension with respondents normotensive (P = 0.000), there is a difference history of hypertension family respondents with hypertension and respondent normotensive where the average hypertensive patients mempuyai family history is higher than respondents normotensive ( P = 0.001), there is a comparison of Body Mass Index respondents hypertension and respondents normotensive where respondents hypertension on average have a BMI of more than normal (P = 0.002) and there is a comparison the respondent's age normotensive and respondents hypertension, respondents with hypertension tend to be aged 35 years or older (P = 0.001). Conclusion: There is a concentration ratio of salt consumed by the group of hypertensive and normotensive group, in which groups of hypertension tend to consume high amounts of salt. Other factors such as age, family history, BMI contribute to blood pressure levels.

Key words: Salt consumption, Blood Pressure, hypertension.


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Daftar Pustaka

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