The 2025 Social Assistance Policy and Its Implications for Legal Certainty for the Community

Abstract

Social assistance (bansos) policies are essential instruments of the state in realizing public welfare, particularly for vulnerable groups requiring social protection. However, the implementation of social assistance in 2025 reveals challenges related to legal certainty for beneficiary communities. This study aims to analyze the 2025 social assistance policy and its implications for legal certainty by examining the alignment between existing regulations and actual implementation in the field. The research employs a qualitative approach through normative-empirical analysis of relevant legislation, official reports, and documented data on the execution of social assistance programs in 2025. The results show that although the regulatory framework has been established through various legal instruments, issues such as inaccurate beneficiary data, administrative constraints, diverse distribution mechanisms, and weak supervision persist. These conditions lead to legal uncertainty and potentially hinder the fulfillment of citizens’ social rights. The discussion highlights that the gap between normative provisions and practical implementation is the main factor obstructing the realization of welfare state principles. The study concludes that strengthening regulations, harmonizing implementation processes, and improving accountability are crucial to ensure sustained legal certainty and social justice within social assistance policies.