Audit Judgment Dynamics: Moderation of Task Complexity in The Relationship between Time Budget Pressure, Framing, and Emotional Intelligence

Audit Judgment Dynamics: Moderation of Task Complexity in The Relationship between Time Budget Pressure, Framing, and Emotional Intelligence

Authors

  • Mokhammad Ihsanuddin Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
  • Dirvi Surya Abbas Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
  • Mikrad Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33603/jka.v10i1.10905

Keywords:

Audit judgment, Time budget pressure, Framing, Emotional intelligence, Task complexity

Abstract

This study is important as the quality of audit judgment is often influenced by psychological and situational factors that may undermine auditors’ objectivity and professionalism, as evidenced by several sanctions imposed on Indonesian Public Accounting Firms. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of time budget pressure, framing, and emotional intelligence on audit judgment, and to examine the moderating role of task complexity. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method, collecting responses from 170 auditors across 25 firms in Tangerang Raya. Data were obtained through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that time budget pressure, framing, and emotional intelligence significantly influence audit judgment. Moreover, task complexity was found to purely moderate the relationships among these variables. The findings conclude that managing time pressure, ensuring objective information framing, and enhancing auditors’ emotional intelligence are crucial in improving audit decision quality. The practical implication suggests that audit firms should develop training programs and managerial strategies to strengthen auditors’ resilience against work pressure and task complexity, thereby maintaining public trust in the auditing profession.

References

Ahen, F. (2022). International mega-corruption Inc.: the structural violence against sustainable development. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 18(2), 178–200. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-04-2018-0035.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.

Akram, M., Khan, A., & Ahmad, U. (2023). Extended MULTIMOORA method based on 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets for multi-attribute group decision-making. Granular Computing, 8(2), 311–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41066-022-00330-5.

Aliev, R. A. (2024). Towards Sustainable Energy Development: Integrating Traditional and Renewable Energy in Azerbaijan’s Energy Policy. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, 17(3), 41–72. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2024-3-96-41-72.

Alimbudiono, R. S., Tania, P., Hastuti, M. E., & Dewi, G. C. (2022). Exploration of Emotional Intelligent To Do Difficult Auditing Service. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i3.e571.

Andiola, L. M., Downey, D. H., Earley, C. E., & Jefferson, D. (2022). Wealthy Watches Inc.: The Substantive Testing of Accounts Receivable in the Evolving Audit Environment. Issues in Accounting Education, 37(2), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.2308/ISSUES-2020-037.

Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Mark S, B., Hogan, C. E., & Jones, J. C. (2024). Auditing The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements. In Pearson Canada; 15th edition (April 6, 2024) (Vol. 12).

Bähr, K., & Fliaster, A. (2023). The twofold transition: Framing digital innovations and incumbents’ value propositions for sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(2), 920–935. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3082.

Barr-Pulliam, D., Calvin, C. G., Eulerich, M., & Maghakyan, A. (2024). Audit evidence, technology, and judgement: A review of the literature in response to ED-500. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 35(1), 36–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12192.

Cantika, A. P., & Susanti, A. (2023). Kepemilikan Institusional, Leverage Dan Faktor Lainnya Terhadap Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(2), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2113.

Cassell, C. A., Dearden, S. M., Rosser, D. M., & Shipman, J. E. (2022). Confirmation Bias and Auditor Risk Assessments: Archival Evidence. Auditing, 41(3), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.2308/AJPT-2020-035.

Commerford, B. P., Dennis, S. A., Joe, J. R., & Ulla, J. W. (2022). Man Versus Machine: Complex Estimates and Auditor Reliance on Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Accounting Research, 60(1), 171–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12407.

Dalwai, T. A. R., Madbouly, A., & Mohammadi, S. S. (2022). An Investigation of Artificial Intelligence Application in Auditing. In Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance and Fraud (pp. 101–114). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1036-4_7.

Dana, A. La, Sunaryo, H., & Supriyanto. (2022). Effect of Locus of control, Framing, Pressure of Obedience and Accountant’s Competence on Audit Judgment. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5(2), 9680–9692.

Estep, C., Griffith, E. E., & MacKenzie, N. L. (2024). How do financial executives respond to the use of artificial intelligence in financial reporting and auditing? Review of Accounting Studies, 29(3), 2798–2831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-023-09771-y.

Fan, Y., Feng, C., Wu, R., Liu, C., & Jiang, D. (2024). Multiscale-attention masked autoencoder for missing data imputation of wind turbines. Knowledge-Based Systems, 299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112114.

Gaoliang, T., Xiaofeng, L., & Yi, S. (2024). Fiscal transparency and corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 38(3), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.13587/j.cnki.jieem.2024.03.005.

Hadras, M. (2023). Peran Psikoligi Dalam Bidang Militer dan Menjaga Keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia ((Edisi ke-). PT Rekacipta Proxy Media. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Peran_Psikologi_Dalam_Bidang_Militer_Dan/AtNMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=framing+negatif+framing+positif&pg=PA175&printsec=frontcover%0A.

Halimatusyadiah, H., Ilyas, F., & Oktora, B. E. (2022). Pengaruh Skeptisme Profesional, Time Pressure, Locus of Control, Kecerdasan Emosional, Dan Pengalaman Terhadap Kemampuan Auditor Mendeteksi Kecurangan. IJAB Indonesian Journal of Accounting and Business, 3(2), 100–115. https://doi.org/10.33019/ijab.v3i2.28.

Harahap, I. (2022). Pengaruh Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dan Kompleksitas Tugas Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT.Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) (Studi Kasus BSI KCP Kec.Medan Barat). Repository.Uma.Ac.Id.

Hendar, F. A. C., & Harahap, D. Y. (2023). the Influence of Time Budget Pressure, Auditor Experience, and Auditor Competence on Audit Judgment. Kajian Akuntansi, 24(2), 376–387. https://doi.org/10.29313/kajian_akuntansi.v24i2.2671.

Hendrawan, A., & Dirmawan, M. R. (2023). Pengaruh Self Efficacy, Independensi Dan Tekanan Anggaran Waktu Terhadap Audit Judgment. Media Riset Bisnis Ekonomi Sains Dan Terapan, 1(4), 12–23.

Hsee, C. K., & Li, X. (2022). A framing effect in the judgment of discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(47), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205988119.

Jaya, A. A., Sabrina, N., & Afrida, A. (2022). Lingkungan kerja dan kompleksitas tugas terhadap kinerja auditor dengan kompetensi sebagai variabel modearsi pada inspektorat daerah sumatera selatan. SINTAMA: Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 2(3), 155. https://jurnal.adai.or.id/index.php/sintamai/article/view/384.

Jean, C. D. (2024). The Influence of Behavioural Biases on Audit Judgment and Decision Making The Influence of Behavioural Biases on Audit Judgment and Decision Making. International Journal of Advanced Finance and Accounting, 5(2)(August), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13353275.

Kustina, K. T., Suadnyani, K. A., Nasioanal, U. P., Info, A., History, A., Pressure, T. B., & Competence, A. (2023). Pengaruh Tekanan Anggaran Waktu , Framing Dan Kompetensi Auditor Terhadap Audit Judgment. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 11(1), 139–148.

Lenet, T., Tropiano, J., Skanes, S., Ivankovic, V., Verret, M., McIsaac, D. I., Tinmouth, A., Nicholls, S. G., Patey, A. M., Fergusson, D. A., & Martel, G. (2023). Understanding Intraoperative Transfusion Decision-Making Variability: A Qualitative Study. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150726.

Lutfi, F. S., & Muhammad, R. (2023). Pengaruh Gender, Emotional Intelligence, Dan Pengalaman Auditor Terhadap Audit Judgement. Profit: Jurnal Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 3(1), 01–08. https://doi.org/10.58192/profit.v3i1.1618.

Manrejo, S., & Yulaeli, T. (2022). Tax Compliance Model Based on Taxpayers Planned Behavior in Indonesia. Journal of Tax Reform, 8(3), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2022.8.3.123.

Mao, L. X., Lan, J., Li, Z., & Shi, H. (2023). Undergraduate Teaching Audit and Evaluation Using an Extended ORESTE Method with Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Sets. Systems, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11050216.

Mehta, A. (2022). Luckin Coffee Inc.: brewing fraud. CASE Journal, 18(4), 602–629. https://doi.org/10.1108/TCJ-03-2021-0051.

Moubarak, H., & Elamer, A. A. (2024). Navigating uncertainty: the role of auditor demographics in key audit matters reporting amid COVID-19 in Egypt. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2024-0183.

Mulyandini, V. C. (2023). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Audit Judgment: A Study on Internal Auditors in Indonesian Financial Institutions. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 23(9), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i9961.

Njonge, T. (2023). Influence of Psychological Well-Being and School Factors on Delinquency , During the Covid-19 Period Among Secondary School Students in Selected Schools in Nakuru County : Kenya. International Journal Of Research And Innovation In Social Science (Ijriss), VII(2454), 1175–1189. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.

Nurcaliana, Y. A., & Pangaribuan, H. (2023). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Time Budget Pressure, Audit Fee, Kualitas Audit Terhadap Audit Judgment Kantor Akuntan Publik Di Jakarta. JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC OF MANDALIKA (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543, 4(5), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol4iss5pp43-50.

Peng, X., Wu, O. Q., & Souza, G. C. (2024). Renewable, Flexible, and Storage Capacities: Friends or Foes? Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 26(5), 1730–1749. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0068.

Piron, D. (2022). « Don’T Take Eurostat» Lightly: Implementing Fiscal Discipline Through Statistical Harmonization. Gouvernement et Action Publique, 11(2), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.3917/gap.222.0033.

PPPK. (2022). List Sanksi. Pppk.Kemenkeu.Go.Id. https://pppk.kemenkeu.go.id/in/sanksi.

Pratoomsuwan, T., & Chiaravutthi, Y. (2023). The interaction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) materiality and explicit assessment on willingness to invest: perception of financial analysts. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-01-2022-0012.

Rahim, A. T., & NR, E. (2024). Pengaruh Independensi, Keahlian Auditor, dan Pengalaman Auditor terhadap Audit Judgment: Studi Empiris pada BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, 6(1), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v6i1.1183.

Ramadhan, A. M., Hanafie, H., & Mahyuddin, M. (2024). Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Etika Profesi Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Bagi Auditor. Journal of Management and Accounting, 7(1).

Ramdhani, R. A., Oktaroza, M. L., & Nopi Hernawati. (2022). Pengaruh Profesionalisme dan Kecerdasan Emosional Auditor terhadap Audit Judgement. Bandung Conference Series: Accountancy, 2(2), 1175–1183. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsa.v2i2.4592.

Ras, T. M., Wahab, N. A., Abdullah, M., Rashid, S. F. A., & Hassan, N. S. A. (2024). Economic Constraint and Self-Tax Relief: Effects on Tax Compliance and Tax Evasion. Jurnal Pengurusan, 72. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2024-72-6.

Ruhnke, K. (2023). Empirical research frameworks in a changing world: The case of audit data analytics. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2023.100545.

Sachan, S., Almaghrabi, F., Yang, J. B., & Xu, D. L. (2024). Human-AI collaboration to mitigate decision noise in financial underwriting: A study on FinTech innovation in a lending firm. International Review of Financial Analysis, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103149.

Saleh, I., Marei, Y., Ayoush, M., & Abu Afifa, M. M. (2023). Big Data analytics and financial reporting quality: qualitative evidence from Canada. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 21(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-12-2021-0489.

Salehi, M., Ammar Ajel, R., & Zimon, G. (2023). The relationship between corporate governance and financial reporting transparency. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 21(5), 1049–1072. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2021-0102.

Sambor, D. J., Bishop, S. C. M., Dotson, A., Aggarwal, S., & Jacobson, M. Z. (2022). Optimizing demand response of a modular water reuse system in a remote Arctic microgrid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131110.

Samiolo, R., Spence, C., & Toh, D. (2024). Auditor judgment in the fourth industrial revolution. Contemporary Accounting Research, 41(1), 498–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12901.

Santosa, A. (2023). Siaran Pers OJK Beri Sanksi Untuk AP dan KAP Terkait Wanaartha Life di Tengah Penanganan Likuidasi. Sp 24/Gkpb/Ojk/Iii/2023. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-Beri-Sanksi-untuk-AP-dan-KAP-Terkait-Wanaartha-Life-di-Tengah-Penanganan-Likuidasi.aspx.

Seyranian, V. (2014). Social identity framing communication strategies for mobilizing social change. Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 468–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.013.

Shaleh, M., Subhan, S., & Nurul Fahira, A. (2024). Pengaruh Kompleksitas Tugas, Time Budget Pressure dan Pengalaman Auditor Terhadap Audit Judgement. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Peradaban, 10(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.24252/jiap.v10i1.44334.

Shamsadini, K., Askari Shahamabad, M., & Askari Shahamabad, F. (2023). Analysis of factors affecting environmental audit (EA) implementation with DEMATEL method. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(5), 777–796. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2021-0097.

Shi, Z. (2023). Emotion intelligence. In E. L. Joseph (Ed.), Intelligence Science. Asiva Noor Rachmayani. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85380-4.00011-7.

Siqueira, M. S. S., Nascimento, P. O., & Freire, A. P. (2022). Reporting Behaviour of People with Disabilities in relation to the Lack of Accessibility on Government Websites: Analysis in the light of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development, 33(1), 52–68. https://doi.org/10.47985/dcidj.475.

Suryanti, H., & Nur, M. (2022). Ethical Moderation on Framing Relationships, Audit Tenure and Compliance Pressure on Audit Judgment. Atestasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(2), 440–455. https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v5i2.396.

Tran, N. H. (2023). Impact Factors on the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility: Empirical Evidence From an Emerging Market. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2 Special Issue), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv7i2sip13.

Vaño, M. J. V., & Meira, D. (2024). Evidences of the Principle of Intercooperation in the Energy Sector. Energy Communities Under the Legal Form of Public Interest Cooperatives. Cooperativismo e Economia Social, 46, 217–244. https://doi.org/10.35869/ces.v0i46.5866.

Yuliani, F., Agoes, S., & Indrajati, M. F. D. (2023). Skeptisisme Profesional Dan Kompleksitas Tugas Terhadap Audit Judgement Dampaknya Terhadap Kualitas Audit. Jurnal Kontemporer Akuntansi, 3(2), 59–68.

Zilker, V., & Pachur, T. (2021). Does option complexity contribute to the framing effect, loss aversion, and delay discounting in younger and older adults? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 34(4), 488–503. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2224.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-08

How to Cite

Ihsanuddin, M., Abbas, D. S., & Mikrad. (2026). Audit Judgment Dynamics: Moderation of Task Complexity in The Relationship between Time Budget Pressure, Framing, and Emotional Intelligence. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 10(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.33603/jka.v10i1.10905
Loading...