ANALYSIS OF KIKY SAPUTRI’S ROASTING: CRITIQUES TOWARDS POLITICIANS

Recently, roasting as one of the stand-up comedy techniques has become an entertainment favored by Indonesian people. Roasting is a series of jokes that aims to comment on a specific person. This study used data from one of the videos on YouTube showing Kiky Saputri roasting four ministers, namely Hanif Dhakari, Rudiantara, Retno Marsudi, and Susi Pudjiastuti. This study used the theory of Humor and Satire and Discourse analysis by Van Dijk to find out the meaning of Kiky's roasting material. This study showed that each roasting word given by Kiky has a meaning and is interrelated between humorous and satirical sentences.


INTRODUCTION
Kiky Saputri is one of the most famous female comic artists in Indonesia. Initially, Kiky becomes famous when she became one of the finalists for stand-up comedy season 4. After the stand-up comedy competition ended, she also appeared in several films or television shows. However lately, she has grown in popularity because of her courage in criticizing politicians or people who have power in Indonesia. One example is the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Susi Pudjiastuti. She couldn't help laughing when she heard Kiky delivered roasting or satire on an event program (Stevani, 2019). In fact, Susi Pudjiastuti even gave her two thumbs up for Kiky for daring to convey criticism with a typical comic joke. Also, Kiky casted Minister of Communication and Informatics Rudiantara, Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi, and Minister of Manpower Hanif Dhakiri.
One of the stand-up comedy techniques that we are familiar with is roasting. Roasting is a series of insulting jokes about certain people (Toplyn, 2016). Lately, many stand-up comedies feature roasting lines. The roasting technique performed by comics is very helpful for the public in conveying criticism or suggestions, especially to the government and those who have power. By roasting, criticism is mixed with jokes so as not to be too critical and Within the last decade, an alternative entertainment emerged in the form of a popular joke called stand-up comedy. Stand-up Comedy Indonesia was originally formed from a small community. A community is a forum or gathering place for a group of people to develop their abilities in a particular field (Abdiwan, 2019). The Indonesian Stand-up Comedy Community was founded by five figures who influenced a lot in developing stand-up comedy in Indonesia, namely Ernest Prakasa, Ryan Adriandhy, Raditya Dika, Pandji Pragiwaksono, and Isman H. Suryaman. Together with the followers of Twitter, they ventured to hold an event which they named "#Stand Up Nite". Even though they only did promotions through their social media which was mainly Twitter at that time, the enthusiasm sent by the society for this new alternative entertainment was beyond remarkable. From the success of this event, then, July 13 was settled to be the official date for the establishment of the Indonesian stand-up comedy community (Sembiring, 2019).
Stand-up Comedy Indonesia was formed to gather people who are both specifically interested and willing to learn further about stand-up comedy throughout Indonesia which basically gathers the talents of single comedians or commonly known as comics. The purpose of this community is to make each of its members a good stand-up comedian or a comedian that is ready to appear at various events, not only formal but non-formal event. Hereby, the entertainment events and competitions on air also off-air are often found to be the reason behind the development of its comic's career. This alternative entertainment that is presented in the form of a monologue makes a comic the centre of attention. In general, the material presented by a comic in stand-up comedy is a manifestation of social anxiety, cultural clashes, or responses to other emerging absurd issues. Meanwhile, when we view from a linguistic aspect, stand-up-comedy on each stage generally features attractive and varied figures of speech. Starting from sarcasm, satire, personification, allegory, irony, or hyperbole which often means metaphors that invite the audience to think deeper before eventually grasping on their jokes and laughing out loud about them (Zoglin, 2010).
In Indonesia, there are many comics who criticize roasting such as Bintang Emon, Pandji Pragiwaksono, and many more. People that are criticized by them also come from various profession such as members of parliament, ministers, and other political officials. Previous research related to stand-up comedy and also political criticism in Indonesia has also been done, for example is the research conducted by Ashari and Mahadian (2020) that examines a young comic named Aji Pratama. The result of political criticism conveyed by Aji Pratama addressed to four main discourses that played a role as sub-themes, namely members of parliament who corrupt, sleep in meetings, do not attend meetings, and commit bribery cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that the main discourse or main theme in the criticism given by Aji Pratama was a bad behavior of the member of parliament (Ashari and Mahadian, 2020).
The previous research sample is in accordance with this study. In this study, the researchers analyzed roasting that was performed by Kiky Saputri on Susi Pudjiastuti, Rudiantara, Retno Marsudi, and Hanif Dhakari who served as ministers. Besides them, Kiky has also roasted several other politicians; for example, Kiky has roasted Fadly Zon when he was deputy chairman of the House of Representatives, Sandiaga Uno, Roy Suryo, etc. One of Kiky's phenomenal roasting sentences that made people laugh was when he insinuated that Fadly Zon was like a household leader who was busy solving conflicts between residents but he forgot that his own household was in a mess. Her expertise in criticizing the negative behaviour of the members of parliament or other politicians made us decide to do this research. Therefore, in this study, the researchers analyzed how Kiky Saputri roasted the politicians through her comical political humor.
In this study, the researchers used several theories in analyzing the roasting material of Kiky Saputri. The first theory was Humor and Satire. Humor, a profoundly smart informative movement, incites giggling or gives delight. The job that humor plays in life can be seen as a sociological wonder and capacity. Appropriate utilization of it can help dispose of shame, set up friendly connections, make positive fondness in human social associations (Peng-Yu, Von-Wun Soo, 2018). The conveyance of wonders through humor that points as analysis or what is frequently alluded to as mocking humor has been depicted by Ezzel in his exploration entitled "Humor and Satire on Contemporary Television" (2016) with a discourse analysis approach to find out the meaning of satirical humor in cartoons. Satirical humor is delivered when humor is coordinated distinctly or forcefully against an item to show its defects or to blame it here and there. Satire may serve the instructor to inspire ethically (Twark, 2012).
Meanwhile, Wilson (in Santoso, 2019) categorizes the theory of humor into three major groups, namely the theory of liberation, conflict theory, and theory of incongruity. Currently, 14 concepts of humor that have been developed are based on Wilson's three theories, namely the theory of misalignment, the theory of contradiction, and the theory of liberation. The theory of misalignment referred to by Wilson means that humor can unite two meanings or two different interpretations in one complex object. This misalignment is perceived spontaneously by connoisseurs of humor. Meanwhile, the theory of contradiction is defined as contradictory phenomena in humor. For example, the conflict between enmity and friendship, the conflict between the real and the unreal, or the conflict between the same and not the same thing, and so on. Both discrepancies and contradictions are created by speakers or humor creators to respond to the conditions of society, phenomena that are happening in society, or just to joke. There are several types of humor classified under several criteria.
According to its form, humor is divided into verbal humor and nonverbal humor Rustono (in Santoso, 2019). Meanwhile, Freud (in Santoso, 2019) classifies humor in terms of motivation, namely comics, humor, and wit, and in terms of topics, namely social humor, ethnic humor, religious humor, and political humor.
Meanwhile, satire requires context sensitivity to find out the meaning of criticism because there is a cognitive process in it to provide the right target (Ezell, 2016). Also, satire is a an expression to laugh at or reject something (Keraf, 2009). It is also in line with DeGuzmen (2021). He stated that satire is a genre in which exaggeration, irony, humor or ridicule are used to criticize and expose flaws in human nature and behavior. In addition to being its own genre, it is a literary device often used to critique politics and topical issues. Satire is a genre which since Roman times has guided the interpretation and evaluation of works on the ground of their purpose to critique and entertain (with the qualification that these purposes necessarily interact, although neither is wholly instrumental to the other) (Declercq, 2018). Satire is militant irony, where moral norms are relatively clear, and standards are assumed against which the grotesque and absurd are measured (Northrop, 2000).
In the second theory, the researchers used Discourse Analysis theory by Van Dijk combined with the theory of bisociation. Discourse Analysis theory by Van Dijk contains the following elements (Ashari & Mahadian, 2020) as follows. Thematic is an element that is used to find out what is being said or what is called a theme or topic. A schematic is an element that shows the general form, sequence, or flow of a text. Semantics in the context of van Dijk's analysis refers to local meanings that arise as a result of the relationship between sentences or between propositions. There are several sub-elements in semantics, namely background, details, illustration, intent, presupposition, and reasoning. Syntax is an element that shows how to organize or place sentences. Syntax has several sub elements such as coherence, nominalization, tenses, propositions, and pronouns. Stylistics are elements that lead to the language style or choice of words used by the communicator in conveying his message. Rhetorical is an element related to the way or style the message is emphasized. Rhetoric also has a function in exercising persuasion. Rhetoric has several sub elements such as repetition, alliteration, irony, metonymy, interaction, expression, metaphor, and visual image. The theory of bisociation can be described as the unification of two associated contexts (situations or ideas) which are consistent but usually have different logics or behaviors that cause an 'explosion'. Explosions in bisociation can be interpreted as things that are unusual or things that are unexpected, causing humor (Koestler 1989, in Ashari & Mahadian 2020. This theory was used to see how the form or structure of the stand-up comedy text combined two different subjects (set up and punch line) and then put it together. It will become a new meaning, namely entertaining humor.

METHOD
This study applied roasting analysis as a critique towards politicians that was made by Kiky Saputri. There were several steps that the researchers did in this study.
a. The researchers found out video sources on YouTube that showed Kiky Saputri's roasting to the ministers such as Susi Pudjiastuti, Rudiantara, Retno Marsudi, and Hanif Dhakari. Those video sources were used as the main data of our research.
b. The researchers categorized the humorous and satirical sentences which were addressed to the ministers in the video.
c. The researchers analyzed sentences uttered by the ministers such as Susi Pudjiastuti, Rudiantara, Retno Marsudi, and Hanif Dhakari and applied the theory of Humor and Satire and also Discourse Analysis by Van Dijk.
d. The researchers drew the overall conclusion from the results of the analysis that had been carried out.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the midst of situations that are easy to feel sensitive and offended, stand-up comedy is the best way to give criticism elegantly especially to the politicians or people with power. One of the stand-up comedy techniques that we are familiar with is roasting. Roasting is a series of insulting jokes about certain people (Toplyn, 2016). As previously explained, this roasting was examined using the Theory of Humor and Satire. Appropriate utilization of it can help dispose of shame, set up friendly connections, make positive fondness in human social associations (Peng-Yu, Von-Wun Soo, 2018). According to Ezell, satire requires context sensitivity to find out the meaning of criticism because there is a cognitive process in it to provide the right target (Ezell, 2016).
The author began this discussion by analyzing a female comic who is quite popular recently, namely Kiky Saputri. On various occasions, Kiky Saputri has often shown her expertise in criticizing the negative behaviour of politicians or bureaucrats humorously especially through the roasting method. One of Kiky's most phenomenal actions was when she appeared bold enough to tease the minister's Hanif Dhakari, Rudiantara, Retno Marsudi, and Susi Pudjiastuti. This research uses one of the videos from the KompasTv youtube channel with the title "Pecah! Komika Kiki Saputri Roasting Para Menteri! -Kerja Belum Selesai (Part 5)" which was uploaded on 24 October 2019 as a data source. The entire duration of this video is 19 minutes 44 seconds and was taken as research data in the 9th minute when Kiky Saputri started her roasting to the ministers.

Figure 1.
Kiky started her performance by using pantun in the introduction. Apart from greeting the ministers, Kiky also gave roasting sentences to the event host, and calling out the names of the ministers starting with Hanif Dhakari.

Figure 2.
She said "Bapak Hanif Dhakiri ini keren banget karena beliau adalah menteri ketenagakerjaan dan juga sekarang merangkap sebagai menteri sementara pemuda dan olahraga, bapak gak mau nambah satu lagi pak biar jabatannya hat-trick gitu, habis itu selebrasi dah," apart from that, she said "Pak Hanif Dhakiri ini sebagai menteri pemuda olahraga semantara ini mengganti bapak Imam Nahrawi yang tersandung kasus korupsi, ternyata benar kata pepatah kadang kebahagiaan kita tercipta karena ada penderitaan orang lain." Those statements mean that Minister Hanif Dhakiri is really cool because he takes over two position. The first one is as the Minister of Manpower and the second one is as the Interim Minister of Youth and Sports. Kiky also asked him, "Don't you want to add one more so that you will have hat-trick position, Sir? After that, hold a celebration then. Kiky also added that Miniter Hanif Dhakiri becomes the Interim Minister of Youth and Sports substituting Imam Nahrawi as he stumbled upon a corruption case. In fact, it is exactly correct that there is a proverb saying our happiness is created by others' suffer.
According to the analysis, in the first sentence, she used Humour and Satire. The humour she used was "hat-trick gitu, habis itu selebrasi dah" (hat-rick and celebration). This sentence could be a sentence of humour because it contained term in the game of football. Hat trick means three goals scored by one player in a game. Based on Kiky's roasting, the researchers viewed that it is related to the ministerial position held by Hanif since he already has two ministerial positions, and if he adds one, then he will create a hat trick.
Meanwhile, the satire sentence she used was "Bapak gak mau nambah satu lagi Pak which means Don't you want to add one more position, Sir?" In fact, Hanif was considered to have no understanding of labor issues and the welfare of workers (Movanita and Belarminus, 2018), yet he is already the minister of youth and sports. As he is concurrently serving two ministerial posts, he is insinuated by the second roasting sentence, "kebahagiaan kita tercipta karena penderitaan orang lain means happiness is created by others' suffer.
The next minister analyzed in this research was Mr. Rudiantara who served as Minister of Communication and Information Technology.  According to the analysis, in the sentences that Kiky used as a roasting to Mr. Rudiantara, she also used Humor and Satire. There were four humor sentences that Kiky used. The first humor was "salahkan aja Bapak ini means blame Mr. Rudi." This sentence is humorous because it seems as if Kiky Saputri is telling us to blame Mr. Rudiantara who is the Minister of Communication and Information Technology in charge of regulating provider signals and internet data. The second was "saya mah yakin Pak Rudy tuh ga pernah ngerasain lagi whatsapp gebetan tau-tau ceklis satu means I do believe that he never experiences having bad connection like sending a message to his crush, but it is not sent." This sentence contains a humorous sentence because WhatsApp usually drops a one-click check. After all, the signal is bad or the quota runs out.
Third "Does anybody here use VPN? Ada yang pake vpn di sini?" When Kiky asked the audience whether they used VPN or not, it made them laugh. Everybody in the studio laughed. Hereby, the researchers viewed that it is a humorous sentence. As we know, most people use VPN to open blocked sites. When Kiky asked that question, it was the same as she asked if there was someone who liked to look at that blocked site.
The last humor sentence was "sebulan ini udah ada berapa video yang Bapak tonton, eh, Bapak blokir? It means, in this month, how many videos have you watched, Sir? Upps, sorry. I mean you have blocked?" This sentence contained an element of humour because technically before a video can be considered a good or bad video, usually the video must be watched first.
From those sentences, the researchers found out that there are 2 satirical contents that Kiky used as Roastingh. First "jadi kalau kalian selama ini merasa kuota internet kalian cepat habis, internet kalian lemot, salahkan aja Bapak ini means if our internet quota runs out fast, buffers, please blame Mr. Rudi". This sentence contained an allusion to the 'internet' word that is slow and weak. Based on a report from the Open Signal Network, internet speed in Indonesia is still relatively low and still far behind neighbouring countries, for example, Malaysia and the Philippines (Boyland and Khatri, 2019).
The second satire was taken from this sentence"Makanya kalau setiap pagi pak Rudy ke kantor tuh uh pak Rudy semangat banget, karena sampai kantor dia mabar ama staffnya, bukannya kerja malah mabar means every morning he goes to work, he always keeps his spirit up. Why? Because when he arrived at his office, he is not working, but playing games". The researchers analysed that that sentence is a satire since Mr. Rudiantara served as the Minister of Communication and Information, he was quite focused and gave excessive reactions about Mobile Legends which was proven by many articles that wrote about Mr. Rudiantara who is keen on Mobile Legends.
The third minister who became the data in this study was Mrs. Retno Marsudi who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs.  questions regarding this matter. According to Luhut, the ships bombed by Susi could actually be confiscated as state assets and according to her, Susi could focus on other things, namely boosting investment in fisheries. Even so, Luhut did not criticize Susi's policy (Hadi, 2018). Minister Susi then responded to Luhut's order via a tweet on Twitter. In her tweet, Susi said that a sinking vessel is permitted under the Fisheries Law, and this needs to be disseminated to the public. Not only via Twitter, but Susi also responded in the official video of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries which was uploaded on YouTube yesterday. She emphasized that the sinking of the fishing boat that she carried out was an order of President Joko Widodo. If there are parties, they can report to Mr. Jokowi.

CONCLUSION
To conclude, the researchers found out that a comic such as Kiky Saputri, she did roasting not only to entertain people but also to give critics towards government. Through roasting, she successfully showed that the government especially the ministers could be criticized. As we can see that citizen is pretty hard to share ideas or give comments towards politicians. Roasting has a role here. Roasting could be one of the best ways to deliver our ideas, give critics to government, satire to what the politicians have done. This action was successfully done by some comics, and one of them is Kiky Saputri.